Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is widespread, affecting 10-25 % of women in the reproductive age group. If you look at just women with diabetes, around 70% may have PCOS. Most women with PCOS have insulin resistance. This means that their tissues cannot function properly at insulin levels that are considered normal for an individual. Insulin resistance can lead to abnormalities in glucose levels (like diabetes and pre-diabetes), cholesterol levels, high blood pressure and even heart disease. This could be a reason for hirsutism (abnormal hair growth), irregular periods and dark pigmentation in the neck. Even lean individuals with PCOS can experience hyperinsulinemia, but it’s more pronounced in obese individuals.
Insulin resistance is seen in both lean and obese people with PCOS. The ways to tackle insulin resistance include a calorie-deficit diet, weight loss, exercise and medicines like Metformin and Pioglitazone.
Many women with PCOS will benefit from the use of Metformin. It is beneficial if you have
1. Diabetes or any abnormal glucose levels
2. Higher body weight
3. Signs of insulin resistance (mentioned above)
4. If you are planning pregnancy (to improve ovulation)
Dr. Deepa G, MHSc (Diab), Dip (Diab)